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Armenia and Azerbaijan signed a historic peace agreement at the White House on Friday, ending over three decades of conflict. U.S. President Donald Trump hosted the signing alongside Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan. The deal includes a commitment to stop fighting, establish diplomatic relations, and respect each other’s territorial integrity. The conflict began in the late 1980s over Nagorno-Karabakh, a region with a majority ethnic Armenian population. Azerbaijan regained full control of the territory in 2023, which led to the displacement of almost all ethnic Armenians living there.
As part of the peace arrangement, the U.S. secured exclusive development rights to a strategic transit corridor in the South Caucasus, aimed at boosting exports of energy and resources. The corridor is expected to strengthen economic ties and improve regional connectivity. The agreement also lifts restrictions on U.S. defense cooperation with Azerbaijan. Both leaders thanked Trump for his mediation and pledged to nominate him for the Nobel Peace Prize.
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Iran welcomed the deal as a step toward regional peace, while cautioning against foreign intervention near its borders. Analysts say the agreement is a major diplomatic achievement but caution that sustained U.S. involvement will be needed to keep it on track.
The peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan has broad geopolitical implications. The South Caucasus is a vital energy-producing region bordering Russia, Europe, Turkey, and Iran. The new U.S.-brokered corridor, informally dubbed the “Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity,” has already attracted interest from several companies. Analysts believe the corridor could help the West curb Russian sanctions evasion by increasing economic engagement with both countries.
While the agreement is being hailed as a breakthrough, experts warn of potential challenges. The region has a history of failed peace talks and violent flare-ups, raising concerns about the durability of the accord. Russia, long considered the dominant power in the region, is expected to be displeased at being sidelined. Armenia and Azerbaijan have agreed to give the U.S. a leading role in developing the corridor, which further reduces Moscow’s influence.
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The Trump administration has presented this as part of a broader diplomatic push, citing other recent peace deals in Asia and Africa. However, Trump still faces unresolved conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza. Rights groups have called on Washington to use its new influence to address human rights concerns, particularly in Azerbaijan, which holds hundreds of political prisoners. Continued U.S. engagement will be critical for maintaining stability.
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