Today in history: On August 15, 1947 – India gains independence from British rule after near 190 years of British company

 

On August 15, 1947, India formally gained independence from British rule after nearly 190 years under both the British East India Company and the British Crown. This historic moment was the culmination of decades of struggle, marked by widespread civil disobedience, nonviolent resistance led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi, and political negotiation championed by leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. 

The end of colonial rule came amid global shifts following World War II, when Britain’s economic and political capacity to maintain its empire had weakened. Independence was granted under the Indian Independence Act 1947, which also created the separate dominion of Pakistan, leading to one of the largest mass migrations in history and sparking communal violence between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.

See also: Today in history On August 15, 1963, Scotland's Last Execution: Henry John Burnett's Fateful Day.

India’s freedom marked the beginning of a new chapter, with Jawaharlal Nehru becoming the first Prime Minister and delivering his famous “Tryst with Destiny” speech. The country chose to remain within the Commonwealth of Nations, signaling a willingness to maintain diplomatic ties with its former colonial ruler while asserting full sovereignty. However, independence was shadowed by the human cost of Partition—millions were displaced, and hundreds of thousands lost their lives in sectarian clashes. 

Despite the turbulence, August 15 became a symbol of resilience and unity for India, celebrated annually as Independence Day with flag hoisting, patriotic speeches, and nationwide festivities. The event also inspired other colonies worldwide to push for self-determination, accelerating the process of decolonization across Asia and Africa.

See also: Today in history On August 15, 1974 – Yuk Young-soo, First Lady of South Korea, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon President Park Chung Hee.